Schizophrenia - B. Pharma 2nd Semester Pathophysiology notes pdf
Schizophrenia
Contents
Schizophrenia
• Symptoms
• Etiology
• Pathogenesis
Objectives
At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Identify the symptoms of Schizophrenia
• Explain the etiology of schizophrenia
• Describe the symptoms associated with schizophrenia
• Discuss the mechanism involved the development of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
Psychotic disorder
Severe mental disorder in which thinking and emotion are so impaired that the individual is seriously out of contact with reality
Disturbance that last for at least 6 months or longer including 1 month of delusions, hallucination, disorganized speech, behavior or negative symptom
Types of Schizophrenia
Paranoid Schizophrenia
• Small delusions & hallucination
Dis organised/ Hebphrenic schizophrenia
• Confused & disorganized pattern of speech, thought & behavior
Catatonic schizophrenia
• Abnormal posture & movement
Undifferentiated schizophrenia
Residual schizophrenia
• No severity of symptoms
Symptoms in Schizophrenia
• Positive symptoms
Excesses / bizarre additions to normal thoughts, emotions or behaviors
• Negative symptoms
Deficits in normal thoughts, emotions, or behaviors
• Cognitive dysfunction
Abnormalities in attention, working memory and executive function
Positive Symptoms
• Distortions or excesses of normal functioning
– Delusions
– Hallucinations
– Disorganized thinking and speech
– Inappropriate affect
• Positive symptoms are generally more responsive to treatment than negative symptoms
Negative Symptoms
• Introvert behaviour
• Thought disorder with irrational conclusion
• Garbled sentences
• Lack of motivation
• Poor socialization
• Emotional blunting
Types of Negative Symptoms
• Poverty of speech or Alogia
• Blunted and flat affect or Flat affect
• Loss of volition or Avolition
• Social withdrawal or Anhedonia
• Psychomotor symptoms or Catatonia
Etiology
• Genetics
• Imbalance of neurotransmitter in brain
• Brain damage
• Environmental influence
• Viral attack
Pathogenesis of
• From dopaminergic symptoms
• Dopamine – inhibitory NT
• Precursor for adrenaline & NA
• Dopamine pathway involved in schizophrenia
– Mesolimbic dopamine pathway
– Mesocortic pathway
– Nigrastriatal pathway
• Increased activity of nigrostriatal region & mesolimbic
• Decreased activity of mesocortical tract
• Overfiring of neurons
• Hallucinations
• Serotonergic pathway also involved
Summary
• Severe mental disorder in which thinking and emotion are so impaired that the individual is seriously out of contact with reality
• Symptoms of schizophrenia are categorized as primary, secondary and cognitive dysfunction
• Pathogenesis of schizophrenia is due to the imbalance and over excitation of certain NT
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