Study of Bacteria

Study of Bacteria

Contents

•       Morphological classification of bacteria

•       Structure of bacterial cell

•       Study of bacterial

–      Flagella

–      Pili and fimbriae

–      Capsule

–      Cell wall

–      Cell membrane

–      Mesosomes

–      Cytoplasmic contents

–      Ribosomes

–      Plasmids

–      Inclusion bodies and types

Intended Learning objectives

At the end of this lecture student will be able to

•       Classify bacteria based on their morphology

•       Reproduce the structure of a bacterial cell and identify the various parts

•       Explain the significance of different bacterial structures

•       Differentiate between gram positive and gram negative cells

•       Explain the functions of different bacterial structures

•       Explain the various inclusion bodies found in bacterial cytoplasm

•       Explain bacterial spore formation and its significance

Summary

•       Basic shapes of bacteria – cocci, rods, vibrio, spirilli

•       Flagella – used in bacterial locomotion

•       Parts of flagella – Basal body, hook, filament

•       Flagella arrangement – monotrichous, amphitrichous, lophotrichous, peritrichous

•       Axial filament – present in spirochetes

•       Basic shapes of bacteria – cocci, rods, vibrio, spirilli

•       Flagella – used in bacterial locomotion

•       Pili and fimbriae – basically organs of adhesion

•       Bacterial cell wall – gram positive and gram negative

•       Major differences between gram positive and gram negative cell wall

Gram positive cell wall	Gram negative cell wall
Thick peptidoglycan	Thin  peptidoglycan
No LPS	LPS present
Teichoic acid present	Teichoic acid absent
No periplasm	Periplasm present

 

•       Plasma membrane – lipid bilayer membrane acts as a selective barrier for the entry and exit of materials

•       Cytoplasm contains nucleoid (DNA), ribosomes (70s) and inclusion bodies

•       Endospores are resting cells formed during unfavourable conditions

•       Spores can survive extreme heat, lack of water, and exposure to many toxic chemicals and radiation

•       Inclusions are reserve deposits

•       Metachromatic Granules

•       Polysaccharide Granules

•       lipid Inclusions

•       Sulfur Granules

•       Carboxysomes

•       Gas Vacuoles

•       Magnetosomes

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